\nIn his period in Spain (January 1871\u2013December 1874) after his first deportation, Mart\u00ed had graduated in Civil and Canon Law and Philosophy and Letters; but he had not been able to afford the certificates of his two university careers. Arriving in Havana, having no authorization to practice law or to teach second education classes with academic validity, it had to be used as an intern in the buffets of two prestigious lawyers of the time: That of Nicol\u00e1s Azc\u00e1rate and Escobedo (1828-1894), located in San Ignacio No. 55 \u2013where I would meet Juan Gualberto G\u00f3mez \u2013, and that of Miguel Francisco Viondi y Vera (1846-1919) , with whom he later worked, in Cobbledo No. 2, corner to Merchants. Over time he was born among these four figures who frequented the Lyceum of Guanabacoa, a great friendship relationship.
\nThe first time Mart\u00ed was arrested (in 1869, at the age of sixteen) he was not fully involved in the independence struggle. Ten years later, he was a conspirator with all the law, clearly committed to the freedom of the homeland. In mid-March 1879 Mart\u00ed was appointed sub-delegation of the Cuban Revolutionary Committee on the Island, which was led in New York by Major General Calixto Garc\u00eda. At the age of twenty-six, Mart\u00ed began to excel in the Habaneros cultural media: he was appointed secretary of the Liceo Art\u00edstico y Literario de Guanabacoa, and excelled as a speaker in different public activities, such as the inaugural function of the Liceo Art\u00edstico y Literario de Regla, where he gave a speech that was long-standing. Many of his ideas in these activities reflected a full independence, and the colonial authorities, who could not avoid the push of the Chiquita War conspiracies, had already cast their eye on him.
\nAlmost since his arrival in Cuba, Mart\u00ed had joined a group of conspirators to prepare a new armed uprising against Spanish command; among them was the journalist Juan Gualberto G\u00f3mez y Ferrer (1854-1933). On one of his frequent visits to the law firm of Nicol\u00e1s Azc\u00e1rate, Juan Gualberto had met Mart\u00ed, who returned to Havana from Guatemala, at the end of August 1878.<\/p>\n
![\"Juan](\"https:\/\/www.palabranueva.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/f0010624-300x300.jpg\")
“Mart\u00ed and I met towards the end of 1878. The Zanj\u00f3n pact had surprised us both abroad: him by one of the Central American Republics, and me in Mexico. It was in the firm of the famous jurisconsult, eloquent speaker and exquisite lover of lyrics, Don Nicol\u00e1s de Azc\u00e1rate, where we met for the first time. Don Nicol\u00e1s de Azc\u00e1rate had also had to emigrate to Mexico, where we became friends, persecuted by colonial intransigence. In his firm Mart\u00ed found his first occupation, and there I was introduced to him by Don Nicol\u00e1s, and there he was born between the two an intimate relationship, which shook and strengthened the identity of our opinions regarding the destinies of our homeland.”<\/p>\n
Nicol\u00e1s Azc\u00e1rate was an outstanding figure in 19th-century Habanera life. He was born on July 21, 1828 in Havana and became a prestigious jurisconsultant. He was the founder of the Liceo de Guanabacoa, of the Lyceum of Havana and created, in union with other intellectuals, the Association of Cuban Writers and Artists. At the Lyceum of Guanabacoa he was president of the Literature section and in Havana its president. When the cultural meetings of the Lyceum were suppressed by the Spanish authorities, he began at home to private talks that became famous.
\nMiguel Francisco Viondi y Vera (Havana, 1846-1919), lawyer and speaker, was vice president of the Liceo Literario y Art\u00edstico de Guanabacoa at the time mart\u00ed was secretary of the institution, and in the republican stage was councillor and mayor of this town, as well as representative to the House. Viondi, seeing the constant encounters of Mart\u00ed and Juan Gualberto G\u00f3mez in his firm, had understood his conspiracy walks and decided to lend them a small venue for their interviews. The friendship between Mart\u00ed and Viondi was of such magnitude that the Master came to describe him as “exemplary friend”, in a letter dated October 13, 1879, after being deported a second time to Spain. “I will never forget those days of lively law firm, nor the wounds you healed me, nor the strength that you revived me…” Similarly, in other misives he shows his appreciation for Viondi with similar qualifiers.7
\nOn September 17, 1879, Jos\u00e9 Mart\u00ed P\u00e9rez was arrested for the second time in Havana by the Spanish colonial regime. His friend Juan Gualberto G\u00f3mez, who was having lunch at home, was quick to warn Azc\u00e1rate, who managed to get the detainee’s incommunicado up and in turn caused Viondi to delete newspapers and compromising documents.
\nJuan Gualberto himself testified to the facts in his work, “Mart\u00ed and I: The Last Visit”. A few days later, on 25 September, Mart\u00ed was deported back to Spain, as a prisoner. On the night of April 11, 1895, he returned to Cuba clandestinely, ready to continue the fight against the colony to achieve the independence of the homeland. \u03a9<\/p>\n
Notes
\n1 See Imaginary-Libr\u00ednsula (Lyceum 165th Anniversary), in\u00a0http:\/\/librinsula.bnjm.cu\/333_exped_1.html.
\n2 The first was the author of three volumes that remain classics of municipal historiography: Historical Notes. Years 1511-1927, History of Guanabacoa 1511-1946 and Ephemeris Guanabacoenses (January). The second, a member of the Academy of The History of Cuba and a friend of Emilio Roig, bequeathed a copious literary work, among which stands out the book Historical Reliquary (Colonial fruits and old Guanabacoa) (1947). Mentioned in\u00a0http:\/\/librinsula.bnjm.cu\/333_exped_1.html.
\n3 See historian and museologist Mr. Armando Gonz\u00e1lez Roca: Some documentary sources for the study of the Guanabacoa Artistic and Literary Lyceum. A (re)thematic view from local and regional historiography, in\u00a0http:\/\/librinsula.bnjm.cu\/333_exped_1.html.
\n4 Gerardo Castellanos Garc\u00eda, cited in\u00a0http:\/\/librinsula.bnjm.cu\/333_exped_1.html.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"