Como un huracán fuerza cinco comenzó a circular la noticia del acuerdo logrado entre la Federación Cubana de Béisbol (FCB) y la Major League Baseball (MLB), con el consentimiento de la Asociación de Jugadores de la MLB (MLBPA). Los vientos de ese “organismo ciclónico” pueden cambiar muchas cosas si se conduce por la trayectoria apuntada y no se disuelve en el mar de la política.
Según los términos del convenio, los peloteros cubanos que juegan en la Serie Nacional, así como el resto de los participantes en las otras categorías integradas a la FCB, pueden ser contratados por cualquiera de los treinta equipos de las Grandes Ligas de Béisbol de Estados Unidos.
Veamos cuáles son los puntos esenciales del acuerdo:
Solo los jugadores cubanos que tienen un contrato con la FCB están cubiertos por el convenio. Cualquier jugador cubano que no tenga un contrato con la FCB es elegible para firmar con cualquier Club MLB en la misma medida que cualquier otro amateur internacional sin firmar.
Todos los Jugadores de la FCB se clasifican en una de estas dos categorías:
1) “Profesionales FCB”, jugadores de la FCB que cumplen con la definición de “profesional extranjero” según el Acuerdo Básico entre la MLB y la MLBPA (veinticinco años de edad o más, con seis o más años de experiencia profesional);
2) “Amateurs FCB”, el resto de los jugadores de la FCB que tienen una edad no menor de dieciocho años.
Cada período fuera de temporada, la FCB debe liberar a todos los profesionales FCB que deseen firmar con un Club de la MLB. La FCB también puede liberar a los amateurs FCB para que firmen con un Club de la MLB durante el período de contratación internacional de amateurs de la organización, que comienza cada 2 de julio.
Una vez liberados, todos los jugadores de la FCB reciben el mismo trato que los demás jugadores internacionales en virtud del Acuerdo Básico, y pueden negociar y firmar con cualquier Club MLB que esté dispuesto a pagar la tarifa de liberación correspondiente.
La tarifa de liberación que el Club MLB le debe pagar a la FCB por un jugador FCB se desglosa así:
el 25 por ciento de los contratos de Ligas Menores, o sea, del bono de firma;
el 20 por ciento de los primeros $25 millones garantizados;
el 17.5 por ciento de la suma correspondiente entre $25 y $50 millones;
el 15 por ciento sobre toda cantidad más allá de los $50 millones.
La tarifa de liberación (y cualquier otra suplementaria) pagada por el Club MLB es adicional a la remuneración acordada entre el Club MLB y el jugador FCB en el contrato del jugador, que será pagado directamente por el Club MLB al jugador de la FCB.
Los jugadores de la FCB liberados serán explorados por cazatalentos; los contratos con los Clubes de la MLB tendrán lugar en Cuba; los jugadores contratados viajarán a los Estados Unidos o Canadá (según corresponda) para realizar servicios a sus clubes MLB de conformidad con una visa de trabajo estándar.
Un exjugador de la FCB firmado por un Club MLB puede regresar a Cuba durante el período fuera de temporada y puede, con el consentimiento de su Club MLB, jugar en los torneos cubanos.
El Acuerdo vencerá el 31 de octubre de 2021, a menos que se extienda por decisión mutua.
El convenio entre la FCB y la MLB ha llegado en un momento crítico para el béisbol cubano. La Serie Nacional, que acaba de concluir su temporada de 2018-2019, ha ido disminuyendo su nivel y prácticamente ha tocado fondo. Como secuela de sus carencias, las selecciones de ese deporte han ido de fracaso en fracaso en cuanto torneo internacional han competido últimamente.
La escasez de recursos asignados (que se traduce en falta de implementos y pérdida de terrenos donde jugar, entre otros males) y la incierta política promocional del béisbol en los medios (dominados hasta el cansancio por el fútbol), han ido minando el interés de las últimas generaciones por el deporte nacional en la Isla. (No muchos de los cubanos más jóvenes saben quién es Clayton Kershaw, pero ninguno desconoce las plantillas del Real Madrid y el Barcelona).
En ese cuadro desalentador, la fuga de talentos, que ha sido un goteo incesante en las últimas tres décadas, ha contribuido, notablemente, a debilitar la pelota cubana, que se había mantenido fuerte hasta los años ochenta.
Sin embargo, todo ese panorama puede cambiar si se implementa, en toda su extensión, el convenio FCB-MLB. Apuntemos algunos sucesos que pueden desencadenarse cuando el acuerdo se convierta en hechos.
De momento, incluso antes que se firme el primer contrato, la puerta que se abre a los peloteros de la Isla que juegan en la MLB, y en otras ligas del Caribe, puede cambiar radicalmente la conformación de la selección cubana que compita para buscar la clasificación en los Juegos Olímpicos de 2020, una tarea que luce bien difícil con los jugadores de la Serie Nacional.
Bajo esa perspectiva, el equipo Cuba que vaya al próximo Clásico Mundial pudiera ser una selección poderosa, si logra integrar a Yasiel Puig, Yoenis Céspedes, Aroldis Chapman, José Dariel Abreu, José Iglesias, Aledmis Díaz, Raisel Iglesias, Kendrys Morales, Yulieski Gurriel, Yasmani Grandal, Adeynis Hechevarría, entre los más notorios que juegan en la MLB, sin desestimar a los que lo hacen en otras ligas.
Por otra parte, la inyección financiera que reciba la FCB debiera traducirse en una mejora sustancial de toda la infraestructura del béisbol en la Isla: construir verdaderos terrenos para jugar en la Serie Nacional; ampliar los estadios; crear academias; rescatar cuanto terreno sea posible; adquirir los implementos necesarios para jugar pelota; ir hacia una práctica de mayor masividad en este deporte.
En ese camino de expansión, la liga cubana de béisbol debe cambiar sustancialmente: convertirse en una verdadera liga profesional, tal como funcio-nan las de Venezuela, Puerto Rico, República Domi-nicana y México.
El impacto, a nivel popular, de los contratos, ya sean en la MLB, en las ligas del Caribe, o los salarios en la hipotética liga local, junto a las acciones para levantar el béisbol en la Isla, deben conducir a un despertar de su interés. Así, ese deporte crecerá en los imaginarios y los sueños desde las primeras edades.
En consonancia con estos planes, el béisbol debe estar presente, con jerarquía, en los medios de difusión cubanos, y el canal de los deportes debe dejar atrás las políticas de transmisión discriminatorias que han imperado hasta hoy. Luego, las Grandes Ligas deben estar en la parrilla de programación como lo están ahora las ligas europeas de fútbol. Ver lanzar a Aroldis Chapman debiera ser más atractivo que ver jugar a una estrella del fútbol.
¿Está preparada la superestructura del deporte cubano para enfrentar ese reto gigante? ¿Están prepa-rados y capacitados los funcionarios, los managers, los entrenadores, los comentaristas?
Todo ese panorama no puede hacerse realidad de un día para otro. Parece una utopía. Mas el acuerdo firmado es un paso importante para avanzar y proyectar sueños. Por lo pronto, debemos estar atentos a la fuerza de los vientos. Veremos qué pasa cuando “el fenómeno” toque tierra. Ω
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