Es posible que cuando usted lea estas líneas la dirección del INDER se haya pronunciado al respecto, pues cada vez es mayor la presión, desde afuera y desde adentro, para que Cuba asuma de manera oficial la práctica del boxeo femenino.
Dejando el punto claro desde el principio, no apoyo la idea y desde mi punto de vista, que puede ser totalmente diferente al suyo, expongo las razones que considero suficientes.
Mirando únicamente el organismo no hay un deporte que provoque tantos daños como el boxeo en sus distintas modalidades (incluyo las llamadas artes marciales mixtas o el “vale todo”) y las mujeres no están exentas.
Los pugilistas están expuestos a lesiones que pueden ser leves o graves. Está demostrado que aun con el uso de las cabeceras como protección, son comunes los cortes y contusiones en el rostro, incluyendo labios y tabique nasal. Los golpes al cuerpo pueden provocar fracturas en las costillas, daños en el hígado y hasta hemorragias internas.
Tampoco son ajenos los daños provocados en los ojos que pueden llevar hasta la pérdida de la visión. Y no son pocos los casos de lesiones cerebrales luego de repetidos golpes a la cabeza.
Y precisamente los golpes a la cabeza son los preferidos por los fanáticos de este deporte porque son los que provocan el Fuera de Combate o el K. O., similar al jonrón en el béisbol o al gol en el fútbol.
Atendiendo a eso, prestigiosos Colegios Médicos de Estados Unidos, Australia, Canadá y Gran Bretaña, entre otros, han pedido que se ponga fin al boxeo. Otra reconocida entidad como es la Academia Americana de Pediatría declaró recientemente que este deporte es totalmente inadecuado para los jóvenes atletas.
No obstante, muchos de los defensores del boxeo afirman que las tasas de mortalidad por lesiones son bajas y que los púgiles son conscientes de los riesgos que asumen y lo mismo vale en el caso de las mujeres.
Es decir, usted es consciente del riesgo que contrae y asume la responsabilidad. Quizás contraponiéndose a esto algunos países como Noruega, Suecia e Islandia ya prohibieron todos los deportes en los que se pueda producir un K. O.
Lamentablemente, y sobre todo en el nivel profesional, los promotores boxísticos en muchos casos son inescrupulosos y están dispuestos a poner dinero para potenciar espectáculos que están más cerca del circo romano que del deporte olímpico, porque siempre van a encontrar en las gradas a seres parecidos que disfrutan viendo a dos semejantes golpearse intencionalmente y a otros cuya necesidad económica los lleva a asumir riesgos que pueden llevarle más temprano que tarde a sufrir daños irreversibles, sea hombre o mujer.
Reportes médicos refieren que las llamadas encefalopatías crónicas traumáticas están presentes entre el 40 % y el 80 % de los boxeadores profesionales y casi el 20 % de ellos se afecta con la enfermedad de Parkinson, el legendario Mohamed Alí es una de las víctimas.
Es cierto que en Cuba no existe el boxeo profesional, pero la modalidad olímpica cada vez se parece más a la profesional. El uso de las cabeceras protectoras le quitó los knock out al boxeo y comenzó a descender como espectáculo. Ahora la historia cambia y el formato de la Serie Mundial poco a poco se va pareciendo más al sector rentado.
Para nadie es un secreto que la cúpula del boxeo mundial está marcada por la corrupción y el deporte no está totalmente asegurado para los Juegos Olímpicos de Tokío 2020. Entonces sus dirigentes quieren despertar nuevas sensaciones y el incremento de la práctica femenina tiene que ver más con lo económico que con lo puramente deportivo.
Y esta es otra de las razones que expongo. No se trata de que la mujer utilice el boxeo para mejorar su físico o el carácter, sino de que sea parte de un espectáculo.
Seguramente, algunos sectores me tratarán de machista o retrógrado, pero es lo que pienso. No estoy en contra de que la mujer practique boxeo, estoy en contra de que la mujer pelee encima de un cuadrilátero, que golpee y sea golpeada por una semejante, con el precio, además, de sufrir daños en su organismo, y así alimente el morbo de la mayoría masculina que llene la sala.
Y un argumento más: practicar el boxeo, es decir moldear técnicas de golpeo y esquiva, la suiza, darle al saco o a la pera, “hacer sombra”, etc., es beneficioso para la salud porque ayuda a quemar cientos de calorías en poco tiempo, a perder peso corporal o mantenerlo si es el caso, fortalecer los músculos del cuerpo y mejorar el desempeño cardiovascular. También ayuda a liberar las tensiones del día, elevar la autoestima y el nivel de confianza. Pero lo que también está demostrado es que golpear a un ser humano, en vez de al saco o a la pera, sí es perjudicial.
Aunque el boxeo femenino forma parte del programa olímpico desde el 2012 y cada vez las categorías aumentan más, su práctica es tan antigua que se remonta a los comienzos del año 1714, cuando en Inglaterra el exboxeador James Figg fundó una Academia de Boxeo conocida como el “Anfiteatro Figg”, que tenía una particularidad: también organizaba peleas entre mujeres, en una época donde no había guantes ni otras protecciones. Allí surgió Elizabeth Wilkinson, quien es considerada la primera Campeona, aunque nunca fue reconocida por ninguna organización.
Pasaron muchos años y el pugilismo femenino no gozaba del reconocimiento internacional, pero en 1904 en los Juegos Olímpicos de San Luis, ya se hizo una pelea entre mujeres con carácter de exhibición. Poco tiempo después, Bárbara Buttrick era reconocida como la primera mujer boxeadora profesional y la primera Campeona del Mundo cuando derrotó a Phyllis Hugler en una pelea a seis asaltos el 8 de octubre de 1957. Buttrick se retiró tres años después, luego de más de treinta combates y fundó la Federación Mundial de Boxeo Femenino (WIBF), uno de los organismos más importantes para el boxeo femenil hasta nuestros días.
Volviendo al inicio, es cierto que la mujer cubana ha roto muchos esquemas y hoy sobresale en disciplinas que antes parecían impensadas para ellas como son el levantamiento de pesas, la lucha, el judo, el taekwondo o el kárate. Especialmente las cuatro últimas son de combate y existe el riesgo de un golpe demoledor, pero con mucha menor frecuencia que en el boxeo.
No obstante, en Cuba hay casos de boxeadoras que se han mantenido entrenando por muchos años, quizás las más conocidas sean Namibia Flores e Idamelys Moreno.
La primera es la más mediática y también la de más edad (ya supera los cuarenta años). Llegó al boxeo luego de practicar taekwondo y los últimos reportes la ubican en Dinamarca, luego de cansarse de esperar por una autorización del INDER. Protagonista en varios documentales (especialmente Boxeadora, de la cineasta norteamericana Meg Smaker), la capitalina entrenó por lo menos quince años, muchas veces con recursos propios.
Por su parte, Moreno con veintiséis años y 55 kilogramos de peso, a quien llaman “La Domadora” aún guarda la esperanza de estar en los Juegos Olímpicos del 2020. Antes practicó varias disciplinas, entre ellas atletismo, fútbol y lucha.
Sin embargo, son varias las muchachas que entrenan en la Arena Trejo o en otros lugares del país, y esperan la aprobación del INDER, organismo que se ha tomado mucho tiempo para decir Sí o definitivamente NO, alegando que se hacen estudios médicos para conocer más detalles y argumentar si es apropiada o no su práctica de manera competitiva.
Algunos de sus defensores no se refieren tanto a los derechos de la mujer, sino como a una vía para ganar más medallas en eventos internacionales, en momentos en que nuestro país cada vez gana menos y el aporte de las boxeadoras pudiera ser tan efectivo como el de los varones. Y eso, al menos para mí, sería una justificación inaceptable.
Lo cierto es que el compás de espera parece que va llegando a su fin. Ojalá y predomine el sentido común. Ω
El gobierno cubano va camino a entregar nuestros recursos al capitalismo extranjero.La aprobación del boxeo femenino marcha en paralelo a esta realidad.Una vez mas el comunismo pone en peligro los valores tradicionales.
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