Como siempre, se enteraron por mensajes de correo electrónico, que circularon y recircularon. Los lectores de Leonardo Padura solucionaron hace tiempo el modo de encontrarse con su escritor. Esta vez fue en el Centro Loyola, de la Iglesia católica, en La Habana.
Dos horas de manjar para un auditorio atento a las exposiciones sobre La transparencia del tiempo, la novela más reciente de Padura, y a los criterios del novelista, a quien, por supuesto, le demostraron cara a cara la admiración que le siguen profesando.
Es así desde que la española Tusquets Editores lo colocó en la cima del mercado literario internacional, a partir de los años noventa, cuando publicó la primera novela de la saga de Mario Conde, Pasado perfecto. A partir de entonces, ha sido una relación fructífera entre Padura, su editorial, el mercado y el abundante público lector alrededor del mundo, incluido Cuba, por supuesto. Una relación en la que ha sido esencial una combinación que distingue al escritor y periodista: talento, trabajo y dedicación, una trilogía privilegiada que le ha permitido abandonar el mundo de Conde, meterse con éxito en el de José María Heredia y el de Ramón Mercader y Trotski, y regresar a su entrañable detective sin perder la magia y el atractivo de esas historias con las que también hurga en la realidad cubana y se convierte en voz de millones.
Los especialistas hablan
Impulsado por la admiración y la amistad hacia Padura, el periodista José Antonio Michelena, ducho en el ensayo, muestra uno sobre las bondades de La transparencia del tiempo, con Conde a la cabeza. A pesar de disertar sobre una novela que entre los espectadores de la sala solo uno había leído, el auditorio escucha con atención una serie de observaciones del expositor encaminadas a descubrir símbolos, avisos, guiños de ojos, relaciones históricas, señalamientos, llamadas de atención, de Padura.
Brinda datos y opiniones que aumentan la ansiedad del público por la nueva novela de su escritor preferido, como que “en La transparencia del tiempo Mario Conde registra el sonido y la furia de la ciudad del 2014, […] y donde la historia oculta tras la talla en madera de una virgen negra nos lleva hasta el medioevo, en una trama que enlaza múltiples guerras, en un dilatado escenario que muestra las luchas por imponer un credo, una religión, una idea…”.
Autor de Acercando a Padura, libro que Michelena escribió con detallismo de inspector literario, el ensayista recuerda ahora que “desde su entrada en el ruedo de la novela negra, Leonardo Padura traspasó los límites de la intriga criminal, algo que venía ya en los presupuestos de la nueva novela policial en Iberoamérica, pero que el escritor ha ensanchado. Y está claro que el éxito internacional de su obra, esa rara conjunción de ser aclamada por el público y por la academia, se debe a su voluntad y capacidad para establecer relaciones entre procesos históricos, sociales, políticos, culturales, religiosos. Esa capacidad está sustentada por su vigilancia constante de la realidad global, por nutrirse de la información que generan los múltiples escenarios empleados y la variedad de conflictos que tienen lugar en los cinco continentes”.
Michelena tira el lazo al cuello de los que califica de “críticos despistados e ingenuos, o mal intencionados, que hicieron lecturas incorrectas de El hombre que amaba a los perros o Herejes, desconociendo la conexión entre las diversas historias narradas en esas novelas, arguyendo incluso que algunas sobraban. Pero el drama de Iván y el asesinato de Trotski por Ramón Mercader están relacionados y fusionados en la representación de las ideas que sostiene El hombre que amaba a los perros, así como se relacionan para ilustrar lo que propone el autor en Herejes, las múltiples herejías puestas de manifiesto en sus distintas tramas”.
A la sobriedad de Michelena sigue la exposición chispeante del escritor Roberto Méndez, un hombre cuya fidelidad a su formación católica lo lleva a desmontar la liturgia empleada por Padura en La transparencia del tiempo, de la cual se queja con jocosidad. También señala pequeños desvíos como el empleo del vocablo pitillo junto a cigarro y observa detalles de simple lector, como aclara que ha hecho su lectura.
“A diferencia de otros volúmenes de la saga –apunta Méndez– nos sentimos al final que estamos ante un enigma perfectamente cerrado, porque el autor decide en el epílogo colocar uno nuevo que sigue sin solución: ‘el 17 de diciembre de 2014 algo ocurriría, pero Conde no podría saber qué. Ni la experiencia de Josefina, ni la nueva condición medio apocalíptica de Candito El Rojo, podrían haber avisado que los cubanos presenciaríamos los discursos televisivos de Barack Obama y Raúl Castro anunciando algo que parecía más imposible que la toma de San Juan de Acre: el aparente deshielo de las relaciones entre Estados Unidos y Cuba’.
”Una razón por la que esta novela me ha interesado, si no fueran suficientes las anteriores, es porque Conde vive gran parte del libro en espera de cumplir sesenta años, justamente lo que me está ocurriendo a mí, y sé cuántas desazones, preguntas y monólogos irracionales tal cosa despierta, quizás por la sencilla razón de que ya es absolutamente evidente que no somos jóvenes, pero nos resistimos a dejarnos caer en la plácida y supuestamente sabia vejez”.
Y concluye: “Lo esencial es que La transparencia del tiempo es un libro nuevo y desafiante, y como dije que venía como lector, no tengo derecho a decir que es valioso, sino sencillamente, que me gustó”.
Y con esa conclusión rotunda, Roberto Méndez toca un asunto que mantiene la vigencia del primer día: ¿solo los críticos y especialistas están aptos para juzgar una novela? ¿Un buen lector no tiene derecho a considerar valioso el libro que leyó?
Al público en verdad poco le importan las valoraciones de los críticos, cuando un libro le gusta o distingue a un escritor. El del encuentro en el Centro Loyola atendió las disertaciones especializadas, a algunos les interesaron más que a otros, pero no influyeron en el juicio y la admiración por su escritor. Lo demostraron cuando les tocó hablar. O cuando recibieron la noticia de que a Padura la Academia Cubana de la Lengua lo había aceptado como miembro correspondiente, una categoría que lo hace candidato a ocupar una plaza de miembro numerario, que conduce directamente a ser miembro de la Real Academia Española. Ya era miembro correspondiente de las academias de Panamá, Puerto Rico y Costa Rica. El dato lo brindó el ensayista Rafael Acosta de Arriba, a quien le tocó hacerle preguntas a Padura, cuyas respuestas el auditorio esperó con el entusiasmo y la expectación con que los muchachos aguardan el rompimiento de las piñatas.
Los lectores comparten igualmente regocijados recuerdos como el de que, durante varios años, Padura, en una encuesta de la Biblioteca Nacional José Martí y la red de bibliotecas públicas, fue el escritor cubano más leído. Y debe ser aún el más leído, pese a la tardanza de sus novelas en llegar a las librerías.
Por eso Rafael Acosta le pregunta cuándo saldrá en la Isla La transparencia del tiempo, y Padura provoca la risa colectiva: “estamos en un lugar apropiado para esta respuesta: cuando Dios quiera”. Aclara que la novela está entregada a Unión, su editorial en Cuba durante treinta años, que en las próximas semanas decidirá si la publica. “Espero que se decida la publicación de la novela”, deseó con su habitual sosiego.
Unión tiene pendiente la reedición de las novelas de las cuatro estaciones, que debieron estar listas durante la Feria del Libro de La Habana de 2017, según el propio Padura. “No han salido por problemas de carácter técnico, organizativo. Siempre me dan una respuesta parecida, pero no igual, y trato de no insistir demasiado para no poner en una posición difícil a los editores”.
Cuando Tusquets Editores, su editorial desde hace treinta años, publica una novela de Padura, éste le hace llegar a Unión un ejemplar, y cuando se decide publicarla en Cuba, los editores hacen su trabajo para la Isla, “que siempre es una revisión importante para que no se vayan estos pitillos junto con los cigarros, que a veces cuesta trabajo que los vea un editor no cubano. Y voy a tener que hacer un recorrido… el problema es que la iglesia de Mantilla está cerrada, y mi colaborador, que era el padre Méndez, ya no está allí, y parece que inventé una iglesia”, dice Padura en referencia a los señalamientos de Roberto Méndez.
Aunque Unión la apruebe mañana, La transparencia del tiempo tendrá que esperar un año después de la salida en el mercado español, debido a reglas comerciales que establecen las editoriales, de modo que alrededor de 3 000 o 4 000 ejemplares, cifra usual para las ediciones cubanas de Padura, circularían a principios de 2019, para mitigar –imposible calmarla con esa cantidad– la sed de los lectores coterráneos por su literatura.
Lo mejor que disfrutan los lectores de estos encuentros son las intervenciones de Padura, cuando opina sobre temas que subyacen o están en la piel de sus libros, como el de la amistad, que Mario Conde enarbola con insistencia y que su creador desmenuza para su público fiel.
“Hemingway dijo en una ocasión que en la medida en que el escritor avanza en su carrera se va quedando solo. El tiempo que requiere el oficio de la literatura, y en estos momentos el oficio de la promoción, que es parte del ejercicio literario pero que es independiente, me roba una cantidad enorme de tiempo que no puedo dedicar a cuestiones de carácter más personal. Y por eso mantengo una relación con muchos de mis amigos que curiosamente es más intensa con los que están fuera de Cuba porque cuando estoy fuera de Cuba esos amigos vienen a verme y yo voy a buscarlos y los que están en Cuba siempre están ahí y nos vemos en ocasiones.
”Uno de esos amigos, que vive fuera, me dijo hace poco algo muy importante para mí: ‘tú no sabes hasta qué punto para nosotros, que hemos sido toda la vida tus amigos, saber que tú estás ahí, que sigues en el mismo lugar, es una referencia importante para nosotros’.
”Y es que la vida, aclara Padura, ha sido muy complicada para nuestra generación, que ha vivido una vida en la que nos han pasado prácticamente todas las cosas, sin que nos hayan pedido permiso para que nos pasen. Y para estos amigos, saber que existe ese punto de referencia, en el mismo lugar, en la misma casa, haciendo un rescate de la memoria, es importante. Para mí es muy importante, pero no tenía la dimensión de hasta qué punto es importante para ellos.
”En el caso de Conde, concluye Padura, su relación con este grupo de amigos tiene no solamente una dimensión humana, tiene también una dimensión dramática porque a través del encuentro con estos amigos, conocemos cómo piensa Conde, cómo piensan los amigos, conversan sobre lo que está ocurriendo en las investigaciones de Conde, y me sirve para revelar información y estados de ánimo”.
Estas citas, en cambio, le revelan los estados de ánimo de sus lectores, la temperatura del vínculo entre lector y escritor, establecido sobre una lealtad que se fortalece con la capacidad para esperar, esperar, esperar que por fin salga de la imprenta la próxima novela de Leonardo Padura. Ω
Una literatura valiente hecha caminando por la cuerda floja
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