Los últimos tiempos del ajedrez cubano están marcados por la ausencia de nuestros mejores jugadores en la preselección nacional. Eso ha traído consigo un descenso en los resultados, especialmente en los alcanzados por el equipo varonil en la más reciente edición de la Olimpiada Mundial celebrada en Batumi, Georgia, durante los meses de septiembre y octubre de 2018.
En la justa ellos quedaron en el puesto 61, el peor de todos los tiempos, mientras que el equipo femenino terminó en el 27.
Los tres mejores jugadores cubanos de los últimos años, los Grandes Maestros Leinier Domínguez, Lázaro Bruzón y Yunieski Quesada no participaron por diversas causas. En el caso de Leinier ya representa oficialmente a la Federación de Ajedrez de los Estados Unidos.
Por su parte, Bruzón y Quesada siguen afiliados a la Federación Cubana, pero no forman parte del equipo nacional y radican en Estados Unidos, donde entrenan, juegan y estudian carreras universitarias. Ambos jugadores integran la nómina del equipo de la Universidad de Webster que participa en el calendario correspondiente a la temporada 2018-2019.
Menciono a estos tres jugadores porque son los más conocidos y pertenecen a una generación ganadora incluso de Campeonatos Mundiales (Bruzón fue monarca del orbe entre juveniles y Leinier, entre tantos triunfos, resultó titular universal de partidas rápidas), pero hay muchos más.
Por lo tanto, no se trata de casos aislados. Más bien se va convirtiendo en una tendencia y habría que buscar las causas, los motivos que tuvieron ellos, y que seguramente son los mismos que argumentan los que en las últimas semanas también se han sumado a la experiencia de convertirse en mejores jugadores en otros países donde encuentran más oportunidades de desarrollo.
El caso de Bruzón incluyó un “dime que te diré” con la Federación Cubana. Todo hace suponer que el jugador salió airoso e incluso su Carta Pública en las redes sociales no pudo ser rebatida y se convirtió en punto menos que “viral”, pues a sus razones personales se suman las que se repiten en muchos, diría yo en la mayoría de los jugadores de la Isla.
Sin embargo, no solo el tunero se pronunció (y creo que lo hizo “picado” por un comunicado de la Federación Cubana, pues ese no es su estilo), sino que recientemente también lo hicieron entre otros, el GM Yuniesky Quesada.
El jugador natural de Santa Clara publicó en su muro de Facebook un mensaje que cito textualmente: “Además de injusticias que me han hecho a lo largo de mi carrera, incluso siendo el tercer jugador del país desde 2008, ya en los últimos años me sentía sin motivación ninguna”. Antes se había referido a la falta de atención y a las dificultades para entrenar.
En otro momento alegó: “Ahora siento que puedo seguir mejorando mi ajedrez. Aquí en la universidad tenemos un equipo muy fuerte y hay mucha profesionalidad en los entrenamientos, lo cual ayuda a seguir subiendo el nivel ajedrecístico. También tengo aspiraciones de hacer una carrera”.
Solo unos días antes el MF Alejandro Yanes dijo que después de largas horas de conversaciones con trebejistas de la Isla y otros que residen en el exterior, adquirió los elementos suficientes para redactar un texto con nueve puntos que, según él, resumen las quejas de los ajedrecistas cubanos.
Increíblemente la que más se repite es la necesidad de acceder a Internet, una herramienta imprescindible actualmente, si se quiere tener una preparación adecuada para enfrentar los torneos tanto en Cuba como en el extranjero.
Aunque los libros de los “clásicos” todavía mantienen su vigencia y constituyen un invaluable material de consulta, es en el ciberespacio donde los ajedrecistas acceden a las más completas bases de datos referentes a torneos, jugadores, partidas, color de las piezas y las más diversas variantes de aperturas, defensas y finales de juego, por solo dar unas pautas.
A todo eso se agrega que diariamente se juegan torneos a través de Internet sin importar donde se encuentren los jugadores, solo con un acceso, con la velocidad adecuada, a la red de redes.
Como medio de comunicación es también fundamental para conocer las competencias que se convocan, las formas de inscripción (la mayoría de las veces mediante formularios on line), el contacto con los organizadores, etc.
Para los ajedrecistas el acceso a Internet es como para los peloteros la necesidad de bates, guantes y pelotas, como para los futbolistas los balones, para los corredores los kilómetros en la pista y para los nadadores el agua y la piscina.
Entiendo que nuestro país da pasos en el acceso a Internet y todos conocemos las limitaciones que existen, pero también sé que hay muchos ciudadanos que acceden a una excelente velocidad de conexión y sin restricción de horas en el mes y hasta de forma gratuita, y lo peor algunas veces solo para intercambiar en las redes sociales. ¿Por qué no abrir un espacio también a los ajedrecistas, que además le darán un uso adecuado?
El propio Yanes agrega que nuestros Campeonatos Nacionales son irregulares en su estructura, la cual se cambia con frecuencia, muchas veces con el objetivo de favorecer a tal o mas cual trebejista.
El documento recoge, además, el deseo de que todos los afiliados a la Federación Cubana de Ajedrez tengan derecho “a jugar por su país en eventos cubanos y foráneos” y que la organización tenga la obligación de reclamar sus títulos ante la FIDE, aunque se encuentren en el extranjero. Por solo poner un ejemplo, Viswanatan Anand lleva años viviendo en España y nunca ha dejado de representar a la India.
Más adelante también se refiere a la organización de los torneos internacionales en la Isla, especialmente el Capablanca, donde incluso muchos cubanos con título de Maestro Internacional, no cuentan con alojamiento.
Lo cierto es que el ajedrez cubano sigue perdiendo y con él los aficionados. Al menos en el país ya no existe más la competencia sana entre Leinier Domínguez y Lázaro Bruzón.
No quiero hacer comparaciones, pero estoy seguro que nunca hubo en Cuba una rivalidad mayor, dada también porque son dos jugadores de alcance mundial que hicieron una carrera en paralelo (Bruzón nació en 1982 y Leinier en 1983) desde los Juegos Escolares Nacionales, casi a la vez hicieron el recorrido por los niveles de Maestro FIDE, Maestro Internacional y Gran Maestro y juntos se codearon (y se codean) con los mejores del mundo.
Parece que ambos ya no estarán más animando nuestros Campeonatos Nacionales o el Capablanca y por el momento, no se vislumbra en el horizonte un trebejista que pueda seguir sus huellas. Quizás el de más talento es el joven camagüeyano Carlos Daniel Albornoz, pero si no le facilitan todas las condiciones necesarias, su camino será muy escabroso para lograr incluirse en la ELITE, superar los 2 600 puntos de Elo y acercarse con fuerza a los 2 700.
Para tener una idea, la actualización del ranking cubano del Elo en el mes de febrero, incluyendo a todos los cubanos residentes o no en la Isla era el siguiente:
De este grupo solo residen en Cuba Yusnel Bacallao, Carlos Albornoz, Yuri González y Lelys Martínez, pues Bruzón y Quesada aunque todavía salen en las listas con la bandera cubana, radican en Estados Unidos, a cuya Federación pertenecen oficialmente Leinier Domínguez y Fidel Corrales. Por su parte, Neurys Delgado compite por Paraguay y Reinier Vázquez por España.
Y digo más, actualmente están fuera de Cuba más de cien jugadores, entre ellos quince Grandes Maestros y por lo menos diecisiete Maestros Internacionales. De ese grupo hay más de cuarenta que no sobrepasan los cuarenta años.
La situación en la rama femenina no alcanza tal magnitud, pero igualmente tiene casos parecidos; de ellos hablaremos en otras ediciones.
Creo que la Federación Cubana de Ajedrez y la Dirección del INDER deben encontrar las soluciones para cubrir las necesidades de nuestros trebejistas (no creo que sea muy complicado), pues de lo contrario los muchachos que hoy se forman en las escuelas primarias, que son talentos formados en nuestro país, a la vuelta de los años también pudieran emprender el camino de salida. Ω
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