Cualesquiera que hayan sido las inconformidades generadas por persistencias y cuestionamientos en la historia de los premios Oscar, y pase lo que pase en ediciones futuras, es difícil negar que al menos la jornada de 2019 fue signada por decisiones alentadoras para quienes claman por un mundo sin apartamientos, descartes o estigmas sociales.
Las nominaciones a la mejor obra fueron pródigas en filmes sobre las llamadas “minorías”: La pantera negra (Ryan Coogler) reserva el protagónico de un filme animado por un superhéroe afroamericano; Infiltrado en el KKK (Spike Lee) sigue los pasos de un agente negro encubierto en las filas segregacionistas más conocidas de Estados Unidos; Rapsodia bohemia (Bryan Singer) narra la compleja vida del célebre cantante de rock Freddie Mercury; Roma (Alfonso Cuarón) evoca las vicisitudes de una doméstica, indígena mexicana; y Green Book, de Peter Farrelly, se regodea en las relaciones fraternales que durante un viaje de trabajo surgen entre un célebre pianista negro, culto y exitoso, y el humilde italiano al que ha contratado como chofer y guardaespaldas.
En definitiva, Green… recibió el premio a la mejor película, y Roma consiguió el reconocimiento al filme de habla no inglesa. Claro que faltan títulos en la enumeración anterior, porque de lo que se trata aquí no es de informar al detalle sobre los premios, sino de destacar una tendencia que, sin ser nueva –Paseando a Miss Daisy (1989), de Bruce Beresford; Todo sobre mi madre (1999), de Pedro Almodóvar, y un ya profuso etcétera– prevaleció esta vez, aun cuando ello supuso en varios casos privilegiar minimalismo o intimismo, sobre la magnificencia de las grandes superproducciones.
Otro rasgo compartido entre algunas cintas mencionadas y el filme premiado fue la recreación de historias reales, desde luego matizadas por la subjetividad de guionistas, productores y directores. Así, por ejemplo, la sexualidad “diferente” del personaje negro queda registrada en un plano de menor importancia, lo cual confirma que la premisa de los realizadores tenía más que ver con el tema de la racialidad en general, incluyendo el origen latino del chofer, que además en rigor es el protagonista, así sea “por una cabeza”.
Lo escrito no significa, por cierto, ignorar que nunca es tan humillado el pianista como cuando, sorprendido in fraganti en un balneario, aparece desnudo en el piso, esposado y golpeado. Y que su catarsis más impresionante tiene que ver con la incomprensión familiar, que no es precisamente por el color de su piel.
Pero la historia comienza hacia finales de 1962 en New York, y lo que importa enfatizar son los conflictos étnicos y raciales en un contexto que evidencia síntomas de cambios esenciales en la historia del país y, con el tiempo, en una parte del mundo, aun cuando no sea ni con mucho un problema resuelto.
Anthony Vallelonga, llamado Tony Lip (Tony Labio, por su facilidad persuasiva), de ascendencia italiana, es en el filme un hombre humilde, de mundo, con una viva inteligencia emocional y habilidades de tipo duro. Vive en el Bronx con su familia, a la cual ama y debe sostener lidiando con todo tipo de especímenes en el club nocturno Copacabana, donde garantiza la seguridad. Casi al comienzo de la historia, queda temporalmente desempleado. Importante: aun cuando apremiado por la necesidad deba tomar decisiones pragmáticas, es racista. Y a su vez él mismo será despreciado por ser lo que algunos (todavía) consideran colored people.
Su eventual patrón, Donald Walbridge Shirley, fue un famoso pianista y compositor negro, hombre de educación y talento privilegiados. Por causas que tienen que ver con convicciones y orgullo racial, decide emprender con su trío de música clásica una gira que incluye varios estados del llamado “sur profundo”, donde los prejuicios por el color de la piel han hecho mayor daño en los Estados Unidos.
Soberbio, sufrido, alcohólico, elitista… Don Shirley sabe que necesita alguien con las habilidades de Tony Lip, porque se expondrá a todo tipo de riesgos. Y es con el contrato de trabajo entre ellos que comienzan los avatares de ambos, encarnados por Viggo Mortensen el italiano, y Mahershala Ali el pianista. Los dos fueron justamente nominados por sus actuaciones, aunque solo fue premiado el segundo, como actor de reparto.
Bien contado, sin populismo, con pequeños y significativos clímax y zonas de transición que permiten sobrellevar con agrado las dos horas del filme, el interés va in crescendo, aunque desde el inicio sospechamos cuál será el final. Dramático, cómico, triste… de cualquier forma el espectador avisado supone desde el principio que habrá un desenlace armónico.
Es que Green Book constituye uno de esos tantísimos filmes en que dos personas distanciadas o predispuestas por el desconocimiento mutuo o prejuicios de cualquier índole, son colocadas en una coyuntura que los llevará a emprender una “travesía” que a la postre significará un replanteo de algo que a priori daban como una verdad inalterable, o nunca se habían cuestionado. Al final, llega la amistad, el amor o simplemente la validación de “el otro”. Son filmes de aprendizaje y crecimiento. Los hay de todo género y modalidad, profundos o ligeros, pero siempre son hermosos. En Cuba, tres películas vienen enseguida a la mente: Fresa y chocolate (Alea-Tabío), Habanastation (Ian Padrón) y El acompañante (Pavel Giroud).
El título tiene que ver con The Negro Motorist Green Book (El libro verde del conductor negro), un manual que circuló entre 1936 y 1967 destinado a afroamericanos que debían saber en qué sitios podían establecerse durante sus estancias en algunos estados. Y esto es algo que se le agradece siempre a historias de este corte: no hay que idealizar, pero el ser humano puede cambiar sus circunstancias, aunque sea a un ritmo que no alcanzamos a entender. Sencillamente, ese libro es cosa del pasado.
Es significativa la forma en que Farrelly va evidenciando sus puntos de vista. No le interesa una obra de panfleto y redundancias. En la secuencia del restaurante de Alabama, donde le impiden a Don Shirley comer junto a sus compañeros de viaje, destacan fugaces planos que insertan motivos navideños, incluyendo un close-up de Jesús en el pesebre: allí (¿solo allí?) han convertido en decorado lo que debía ser piedra de cambio.
Todo esto desemboca en un final donde, superadas las ofuscaciones a través de un periplo que los ha unido, el pianista no vacila en tomar el volante del auto para que Tony, vencido por la fatiga, pueda estar junto a los suyos –incluido su compañero de viaje– en Nochebuena, anhelo que había expresado desde el principio.
Lo importante es que para esas Navidades ellos dos son seres un poco mejores, y tal vez algo parecido suceda con algunos espectadores, aunque este que habitamos siga siendo, mal que nos pese, el mismo lugar que en algún momento Tony Lip llama “un mundo complicado”. Ω
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