Imagine que usted nació en la mitad del siglo pasado; imagine, por tanto, que está marcado por el séptimo arte; imagine que Payret, América, Radiocine-Jigüe, Radiocentro-Yara, Atlantic-Chaplin, Duplex, Rex Cinema, La Rampa, Rialto, eran para usted sitios sagrados; imagine, además, que Reina, Capitolio, Fausto, City Hall, Edison, Coloso, México, Maravillas, Principal, Arenal, Lido, Metropolitan, Moderno, Los Ángeles, Florida, Mónaco, Marta-Alegría, Apolo, San Francisco, Gran Cinema, eran también entrañables; imagine que poco a poco, primero, y abruptamente, después, casi todos ellos se convierten en fantasmas.
Memorias cinéfilas
En 1959 La Habana tenía ciento treinta cines y tres autocines. Esa cifra no incluye los de las poblaciones de la periferia: Guanabacoa, Regla, El Cotorro, Boyeros, Santiago de las Vegas, Cojímar, Jaimanitas… Difícilmente otras ciudades de América, salvo Nueva York, Buenos Aires, o México D.F., pudieran compararse con la urbe cubana en ese apartado.
Durante toda la década de 1960 la mayoría de esos cines existían, como también aquellos que pertenecían a los pueblos que conformaban la antigua provincia Habana.
No hay nada más parecido a un cine de barrio que un cine de pueblo. Aunque quizás el cine de pueblo tuviera mayor relieve en la vida social de los moradores. Desde mi niñez, vi y sentí el cine como centro del universo, como el mundo de los sueños posibles, mas también como espacio de socialización y aprendizaje cultural.
Una función cinematográfica en los años iniciales de los sesenta todavía incluía dos películas, un noticiero y varios cortos. En la época en que iba al cine de mi pueblo casi todos los días, recuerdo una programación conformada, en lo fundamental, por películas mexicanas, norteamericanas, inglesas, francesas e italianas.
Ellas nos dieron a conocer a Jorge Negrete, Pedro Infante, María Félix, Cantinflas, Tin Tan, Pedro Armen-dáriz, Jorge Mistral, Ana Luisa Pelufo, Tony Curtis, Burt Lancaster, Gina Lollobrígida, Sofía Loren, Ingrid Bergman, Elizabeth Taylor, Susan Hayward, Anna Magnani, Doris Day, Debora Kerr, Kim Novak, Kirk Douglas, Humphrey Bogart, Marlon Brando, James Dean, Dick Bogarde, Albert Finney, Jean Marais, Brigitte Bardot, Marcello Mastroianni, Anita Ekberg, Claudia Cardinale…
Pero, de repente, el flujo de esos filmes se interrumpió y tuvimos que aprender a apreciar la cinematografía del campo socialista. Batallas iban y venían por la pantalla; pan duro y negro; la epopeya de la Gran Guerra Patria… el bostezo infinito. Sin embargo, pudimos conocer a Polanski, Wajda, Tarkovski, Jancsó, Cybulski, Ewa Krzyzewska… Y de vez en cuando llegaban Alain Delon, Jean Paul Belmondo, o el trompetista de una película checa que vio La Habana entera, Vals para un millón. Más adelante, Julio Iglesias con La vida sigue igual colapsó las taquillas porque la gente quería entretenimiento.
Cuando Cujo, el perro asesino, en la década de 1980, también arrasa en la venta de entradas, ya estamos en otra época. Los reproductores de video comenzaron a llevar las películas hasta el hogar. La tecnología revolucionaba la producción cinematográfica, así como la circulación de los filmes. En las décadas siguientes daría pasos gigantescos y las salas de cine tendrían que reinventarse.
La nueva forma de reproducción se socializó en Cuba y nacieron las salas de video. Muchas se instalaron en los propios cines que así empezaban a perder espacio. Las salas de video comenzaron a morir unos pocos años más tarde.
En la antesala de los ochenta nació el Festival Internacional del Nuevo Cine Latinoamericano, un proyecto luminoso para abrir puertas a la cinema-tografía de la región que igualmente permitió acceder al conocimiento y la revalorización de ese cine por los espectadores.
En sus mejores momentos, en décadas anteriores, el festival movilizaba una enorme masa de públicos hacia las múltiples salas de la capital implicadas en la variadísima programación que llegaba a todos los municipios. Ya no es así. La realidad actual es muy distinta porque apenas hay salas de cine más allá del Vedado.
Decadencia y caída de las salas de cine
Los cines habaneros que habían logrado resistir el paso del tiempo, si bien ya no eran la cifra referida al inicio, al menos una buena cantidad de ellos se conservaba en los ochenta. En cambio, en los noventa se profundizó el declive que conduciría a su casi extinción en el siglo xxi.
La ausencia de mantenimiento, el atraso tecnológico, la falta de recursos, la desidia, acabaron con la amplia red de cines de La Habana. El proceso ha sido lento y aplastante. Muchos de los cines que se mantenían en pie pasaron a otros destinos: fueron ocupados por compañías de danza, de teatro, de circo, almacenes… Ahora son cuerpos sin alma diseminados por la ciudad. Verlos encoge el corazón.
Epílogo
No soy de los que fueron a Radiocentro en 1958 durante las proyecciones en Cinerama. Tampoco fui a las salas en 3D de los cuentapropistas, ese proyecto abortado hace unos años. Pero en 2015 asistí a la sala de un multicine en Nueva York. Proyectaban Los juegos del hambre. Se suponía que debía impactarmente la tecnología y el espacio mismo. No fue así. Sigo pensando que no hay nada como haber visto Espartaco, Trapecio, Casablanca, La dulce vida, en el cine de mi pueblo (otro fantasma). Inolvidable fue también ver La vuelta al mundo en ochenta días, en El Jigüe, antes Radiocine, la sala con mayor cantidad de butacas en La Habana (2 600). ¿Alguien lo recuerda?
Ya casi no voy al cine. (Vivo distante del Vedado). Ahora veo las películas en casa. Pero la magia de la sala oscura sigue viva en mi memoria. Ω
«Ya casi no voy al cine. (Vivo distante del Vedado). Ahora veo las películas en casa. Pero la magia de la sala oscura sigue viva en mi memoria.» Para un artículo tan interesante y de cierta emotividad, esta frase del final es contradictoria. Si usted no va al cine, es por vagancia; si le atrae la magia de la sala oscura, haga un esfuerzo y vaya al menos una vez por semana, o dos por mes. No se quede en la casa en la comodidad limitada de su pantalla chica. A mí me salva tener problemas de concentración y no poder ver pelis en la casa; siempre voy al cine. ¡¡¡Suerte!!!
Yo soy de los nacidos en la mitad el siglo XX y mi barrio estaba rodeado de cines.Teniamos a una cuadra el Coloso,de una sola planta y con un parche en la pantalla.El cine Edison algo mas allá y donde siempre proyectaban «La Pasión de Cristo» en Semana Santa a 7 cuadras y el Maravillas una cuadra mas adelante.Siguiendo por la Calzada del Cerro teníamos el Principal y ya mas alejado el Valentino en La Esquina de Tejas.A la salida del barrio,en la calle Salvador,cerca de Via Blanca.
Con solo unos centavos podías ver hasta dos películas y una comedia corta.Haba Dia de Damas,en el cual las señoras pagaban la mitad del precio.
Comiamos golosinas y sodas durante la proyeccion.En el Maravillas había una cafetería y en el portal un «puesto de fritas»donde muchos compraban hasta pan con bistec para comer en la sala.
Ir al cine,aunque fuera el del barrio era una grata experiencia para toda la familia.
Luego estaban las salas mas sofisticadas como Payret,Acapulco,Rex y Duplex,Trianon ,Radiocentro,Astral,et,.
Según he leído en otros artículos,de estos cines no queda nada.Esta es una mas de las consecuencias de un gobierno que solo mira por sus intereses,sin importarle para nada el pueblo.
Yo conoci el cine coloso estaba en la calle prensa en el numero 213
Estuve en la cabina viendo los proyectores en 1979
Dejaron fuera al cine México en salvador y san Anselmo.cerro.Tomás y julio eran los dueños.
Al Régimen de La Habana no le interesa el bienestar del pueblo. Todo va en declinación hasta llegar a la otrora comunidad del “PALEOLÍTICO INFERIOR”. ¿A qué se debe que los administradores de un negocio son los responsables directo de cualquier negocio? EN RESUMEN: El odio, negatividad, crímenes, injusticias y abusos son RASGOS DE UN KARMA NEGATIVO arraigado que le sobran a los Castro y elite de 60 años de dictadura totalitaria. Somos arquitectos de nuestro destino.
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Alguien sabe en qué años o década dejó de funcionar el Cine Manzanares de la calle Carlos tercero ahí una información falsa de que se quemó en el año 60 lo cual no es cierto me fui de Cuba en año 84 y el cine funcionaba