Jorge Luis Hernández no tiene un techo para protegerse. Las tejas de fibrocemento que antes cumplían esa función terminaron en algún lejano paraje de Regla gracias al tornado que se ensañó sobre su pequeña casa. Ahora, a los sesenta y ocho años, con 228 pesos de retiro y enfermo de cáncer en la cabeza y el cuello, este antiguo obrero y su esposa intentan guarecerse de los elementos con sacos de nylon y pedazos de cinc que mal cumplen con la nueva función asignada. En el momento de nuestro encuentro, su solicitud de materiales de la construcción aun no constaba en ningún lugar, pues, según le dijeron los funcionarios de la Oficina de la Vivienda, no tenían ni papel, ni bolígrafos para hacer el registro. En el desamparo, Jorge Luis espera.
-II-
Pedro Malaña intentaba pasarle el pestillo a la puerta de su casa, cuando algo que sonaba igual a un avión se la echó encima. Tirado bajo una montaña de vieja madera roída, el anciano de ochenta y nueve años pensaba en su esposa Indalecia Miján, de noventa y nueve, a quien había dejado acostada. Al oír una voz, pidió auxilio y ambos fueron salvados. Indalecia, a quien llaman Mamá, solo habla de los dolores del cuerpo, los años le han gastado la mente. Pedro, a quien llaman Papá, se lamenta diciendo que debió haber muerto. Viven del favor de unos vecinos, también afectados. Sin esperanzas, Papá y Mamá esperan.
-III-
El viejo Quimbro ya no está para guarachas. Después de bailar durante más de cuarenta años representando al municipio Regla y de enseñar a varias generaciones el cubanísimo arte de mover el cuerpo al ritmo de un tambor, a este octogenario, nombrado Guarachero de Honor, la música lo ha abandonado. Desde que su esposa falleció, su única compañía es el perro Niño. Abrazado a él, Quimbro vio cómo una nube negra le llevaba una a una las tejas de su maltrecha casa, que hacía mucho no lo protegía. Ni siquiera la neumonía por la cual estuvo hospitalizado meses atrás bastó para que le hicieran caso en su permanente solicitud de materiales de la construcción. Según dice, ahora ya es tarde. En la soledad, Quimbro espera.
-IV-
Estas historias reglanas –de las más extremas, sin dudas– son solo una ínfima parte de la tragedia que ha asolado a varios municipios de la capital de la República, caprichosamente en vísperas del 28 de enero, aniversario del natalicio de José Martí. Como muchos de los afectados, sus tres protagonistas, humildes hasta el desespero, lo han perdido todo y el sentimiento de orfandad que los embarga una semana después del tornado es abrumador.
La oscuridad de su situación no les permite ver ante ellos más que pobreza, soledad y destrozos, pero desde el principio han estado acompañados. Primero fueron los familiares; después, los vecinos; finalmente, fueron todos. Sin necesidad de notas informativas convocantes, ni coercitivas listas de asistencias, cientos se han lazando a las calles con el simple afán de ayudar, pues el fenómeno vino a sacudir no solo las vidas de los afectados, también movió a un cambio en el alma de muchos de los habitantes de Occidente: transformó la tradicional solidaridad cubana en un auténtico acto masivo de caridad.
Lo sucedido excede los límites de la definición espiritual de solidaridad, entendida como la colaboración coyuntural a la causa de otros. Pues esta, aunque tiene su raíz en un sentimiento de empatía genuino, ni siquiera roza la profundidad de la más importante y superior de las virtudes: la caridad, que es, en esencia, un acto de amor. Amor hacia quien sufre, hacia quien lo necesita, hacia el desamparado, en fin, hacia la otra persona. Por ello es la forma de reconocimiento superior y la relación civilizatoria más humana de todas –también la más compleja y rara–. Desinteresada y generosa como es, en ella el gozo y la paz se generan a partir de la práctica del bien. Es, en resumen, la comunión social por antonomasia.
Con su violencia desproporcionada, el tornado sacó a los ciudadanos de esa habitual zona de indiferencia a la cual los condena la sociedad con su ajetreo y convulsión. Artistas, empresarios, profesionales de todo tipo y personas sencillas sintieron la necesidad de ayudar a desconocidos a quienes, solo a unos pocos kilómetros, la infortunada casualidad los había dejado sin nada. Por ello, de manera voluntaria y espontánea, como movidos por una fuerza superior, comenzaron las donaciones y la ayuda para la recuperación.
Pero toda moneda tiene dos caras y la otra de esta situación espanta por incomprensible, pues no es fácil entender que algunos puedan lucrar con la desgracia, especulando con los precios de los alimentos; o que funcionarios inescrupulosos demoren trámites o ignoren la petición de ayuda de los damnificados, no solo incumpliendo con la elemental norma humana de atender al desvalido, sino también, con su propio trabajo. No es suficiente con que desde los más altos niveles de la dirección del Estado se busquen recursos –aun en medio de la compleja situación de la economía nacional– y se den instrucciones para ayudar, si la respuesta de algunos burócratas de barrio ante casos que moverían a la compasión de cualquiera es que “no hay papel, ni bolígrafos”. La indolencia, denunciada incluso por el presidente Díaz-Canel, es en estos casos más horrible que de costumbre.
La ayuda de la gente y la buena disposición del Estado –que cumple con el deber aristotélico de proteger a sus ciudadanos– podrían lograr más si no chocaran con la barrera de la indiferencia y la incapacidad de malas personas. Son esas prácticas nocivas las que han hecho que Jorge Luis, Pedro y Quimbro hayan perdido la esperanza, pese a que con certeza en algún momento recibirán el apoyo estatal (quizás para cuando este texto se publique la hayan recibido) y que, como a muchos otros, la Iglesia –específicamente Cáritas Habana y los laboriosos parroquianos del Cristo Redentor– los asiste con alimentos, ropa y aseo y, además, son visitados con frecuencia por personas portadoras de alguna ayuda.
Mas, para quien es tan vulnerable, ser víctima de cualquier acto de vejación u olvido voluntario, aunque sea un simple “peloteo”, es una estocada letal a su ya estropeada psiquis. Una sola mancha es capaz de empañar un espejo de virtudes limpísimo, pero por suerte, las actitudes positivas se han impuesto.
Este año, movido por una terrible coyuntura de la naturaleza, el mejor homenaje a José Martí –cuyo ideario como ningún otro en esta ínsula promueve una ética del reconocimiento al prójimo por encima de las diferencias– no han sido los actos, sino un renacer de la caridad social sin precedentes, un aire nuevo para refrescar a los abatidos en estos días difíciles, pues bien puede esperar cosas buenas una sociedad en la cual sus miembros –protegidos desde El Cobre por la más hermosa advocación mariana– se den a la caridad. Ω
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